posted 01-25-100 12:00 PM ET (US)        

1. A
The clinician must look at both the charting and radiographs to examine tooth #24. Examination of tooth #24 reveals absence of a root. Therefore, when probing, the probe will sink underneath the remaining crown into the soft tissue, mimicking a deeper pocket reading.

2. C
All patients who are HIV positive or have AIDS are to be treated just like any other patient. Universal precautions include use of barrier techniques, wearing personal protective equipment, and placing contaminated waste in marked containers. It does not include double gloving.

3. C
Identification dot appears radiolucent on radiographs.

4. D
Toothbrush abrasion is identified by the exposed root surface at the gingival margin on tooth #21.

5. B
Examination of the radiographs reveals bone loss in all four quadrants of the mouth, which indicates generalized periodontitis. Bone loss greater than 50% with deep pocketing, bleeding and furcation involvement are all signs of advanced periodontitis.

6. A
Only a and b are penicillin. You must decide which one has the more extended spectrum. Extended spectrum means that it will kill more of the gram negative along with the gram positive bacteria. Penicillin VK has a narrow spectrum, mainly against gram positive bacteria while Amoxicillin is an extended spectrum and kills many gram negative bacteria.

7. C
Bacteria are the sole etiologic agent for periodontal disease; however, different factors may alter the extent and severity of a patient's perio condition. In this case, a compromised immune response limits the pts ability to naturally defend against pathogens that cause perio disease, hence increasing the severity of his condition. Amt. of plaque accumulation may contribute to the extent and severity of periodontitis (more plaque, more disease), immune status is more significant.